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  5G医疗发展成就

  2019年1月19日,苏州协同创新医用机器人研究院传出一则消息,中国一名外科医生利用5G技术实施了全球首例远程外科手术。这名医生在福建省利用5G网络操控30英里(约合48公里)以外一个偏远地区的机械臂进行手术。

  3月16日,华为与中国移动合作,助力中国人民解放军总医院完成全国首例基于5G网络的远程人体手术——“帕金森病脑起搏器”植入手术。这场手术跨越近3000公里,医生在海南为远在北京的患者实施手术。

  4月3日,在移动和华为的技术支持下,广东高州市人民医院和广东省人民医院共同完成了全国首台“5G+AI微创心脏手术”。

  4月10日,贵州医科大学附属医院与中国移动通信集团贵州公司共同揭牌成立5G 医疗联合实验室,联手打造贵州省首个5G智慧医院,共同推进5G在智慧医疗领域的应用落地。贵医大附院远程医学中心利用5G通信网络,联合长顺县人民医院及中日医院完成了首次5G远程多学科会诊。

  6月27日,在中国电信的帮助下,北京积水潭医院院长田伟在机器人远程手术中心,利用5G技术同时远程操控两台天玑骨科手术机器人,为不同地区医院的两名患者同时进行手术。此举在全球尚属首次,标志着我国5G远程医疗与人工智能应用达到了新高度,是外科医学划时代的里程碑。

  6月28日,MWC19上海5G峰会上,凭借中国移动提供的5G网络连接,巴塞罗那临床医院胃肠手术服务负责人Antonio de Lacy博士在上海新国际博览中心的场馆里为上海东方医院手术室提供了远程实时指导。这是首次在中国进行的实时5G远程手术指导演示。

  7月4日下午,5G+AI远程消化内镜诊断在四川成功实施。四川马边彝族自治县人民医院的病房内,医生正给患者进行AI消化内镜检查,与此同时,患者的胃部影像通过5G网络传送到300多公里外的四川大学华西医院专家面前。

  在运营商、设备商和国内各大知名医院的共同推进下,5G医疗离百姓的生活越来越近。

  5G能为医疗带来什么?

  节省抢救时间

  5G带宽“速率”是4G的100倍,并且延时低,对于信令的收发速度很快,同时具备的高可靠性和多连接性,可供海量设备同时联网。在医疗场景中,这样的优势便意味着便捷与高效。

  以院前急救为例,4分钟是心肌梗死等心脑血管疾病的院前急救“黄金时间”,超过8分钟就会给心脏、大脑带来不可逆的损害。在与死神分秒必争的赛跑中,达到毫秒级速度的5G网络会是医疗人员最好的助力。

  目前正在研发完善的5G条件下的救援车,对于病患来说就像是移动的急诊中心。病人上了救护车以后,医生可以实时察看病人以往的病历,在车上做一些心电图、B超等检查,这个检查的结果可以实时传输到急救中心,大夫可以进行指导。

  如果病人病情复杂,可以在救护车上面启动远程会诊系统,通过医院专家对急救车辆上的病人进行多学科的会诊,指导急救车上的现场救治,这样就极大的缩短了抢救时间,减少了治疗不及时的可能性。

  辅助医生诊断

  疾病的临床表现多种多样,再优秀的医生也有记忆出错无法正确判断的时候,但是通过5G技术和大数据的结合,能够实时从庞大的数据库里找出符合度较高的情况,帮助医生更好的判断病患的情况。

  解决医疗资源分布不平衡问题

  我国一直以来就有看病难的问题,归根到底,是人们日益增长的医疗服务需求与服务供给之间的不平衡。不仅在各个省之间存在差异,在一个省内的各个市州,医疗资源的分布也是极不平衡的。

  因此,我国异地跨区域就诊的现象十分明显。这不但增加了就医难度和就医费用,而且不合理的流向也使基层医疗机构技术水平下降,大医院的医疗优势得不到利用,无形中浪费了医疗资源。

  基于这样的现象,远程诊断、远程手术在此前多次被提及,但受制于远程实时操控对于网络带宽和时延的高要求,例如,医生手部动作、图像传输、力量反馈必须达到高度同步,这在原有的4G网络条件下难以实现。

  大带宽特性的5G网络,能够为现场音视频和B超图像的实时传输,提供数十兆的传输带宽。同时低时延特性使得病人体表的力量反馈信号,在短短几毫秒内就可以传递到医生的触觉设备。

  此外,超声影像也能在5G网络中实现云端的实时分析,多层次辅助医生诊断。

  在“6·17”四川长宁县地震中,5G医疗首次被运用于地震救援中。6月18日下午,在成都的四川省人民医院医生通过灾区的5G医疗救护车,为长宁地震两名伤员进行远程会诊。

  据了解,上海、河南、浙江等地的医疗机构也都“试水”5G医疗救护车,通过救护车上的远程诊断设备,提前对患者进行诊断,前移急救场景。

  5G医疗的实现还有哪些局限?

  目前来看,5G医疗尽管出现了许多革命性的突破,但仍然没有进入深水区。许多通信、医疗行业的专家仍然对5G远程医疗保持谨慎态度。

  国家卫健委远程医疗管理培训中心主任、中日友好医院信息中心主任卢清君在公开演讲中强调,如果目前过度依赖5G远程手术,一旦中间出现问题,甚至会影响到患者的生命安全,过早宣传对时效性、技术成本要求特别高的场景,会导致医患矛盾的加剧和医患纠纷的增多。

  与此同时,过度炒作会使公众对5G应用在医疗技术上的向往和期待特别高,给行业技术转化带来较大的压力。哪些是既经济又有效、又安全的,是目前5G+医疗场景设计的原则,4G保障不了的,才是5G的刚需。

  从目前情况来看,让医生给患者远程操作手术,患者还是不放心。因此把医疗过程分解开,先通过AR、VR等技术进行远程会诊、远程B超诊断,等技术进一步成熟之后,再转向远程手术,才是更科学合理的模式。

  从另一方面来说,全国大部分实体医疗机构都部署了远程医疗系统,但利用率不到20%。原因在于国家早有规定,三年以上的主治医生才可以参加互联网诊疗,帮助专家整理病理,会诊意见由高级职称签发。有了预约转诊,大病患者就可以从协同会诊到转诊到住院,到最后的基层康复。但这些主治医生的日常工作已实属繁重,他们能分出多少时间与精力用于远程诊疗也是对远程医疗的另一考验。

  “从我接触到的医院来看,大多数医院都对远程医疗感兴趣并且持支持态度,但5G技术毕竟是新兴事物,还有医院对信号稳定性存疑,远程诊断还好,要是在远程手术过程中出现信号中断,责任在谁?”有业内人士表达了对远程医疗具体落地景况的担忧。

  除了慎重对待5G远程手术之外,为了保证就医的安全性,医院“专用网”的建立也将成为关键。

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